The Whistle

The story of The Whistle is about a seven years old kid while his pocket was full of money, the kid run out to the toys store and bought a whistle he spend all of his money for that whistle. 

When he played it in their house it's so annoying so after awhile he stop playing with it. He realized that he spend all of his money for that whistle.

Sometimes, people spending their money for nothing or non- sense thing they don't even think if they really need it for their daily lives, and then after that they will realize that they spend to much of money for nothing. Sometimes, you don't really need to spend a lot of money.

Present Perfect Tense

Present Perfect Tense

- expressed an action completed at the present time. " Movement of Speaking. "

- Present perfect tense : has/have + past participle ( verb ).

- Present perfect progressive: has/have been + present participle ( verb + ing ).

example :

- He has bought a new car.

-He has been driving for an hour now.

- I have been waiting for my turn.

Voice

Voice 

- indicates whether the subject of the sentence is the doer or receiver of the action expressed by the transitive verb.

Active Voice

= s-tv-do

- doer of the action.

example:

- The boys write letters.

Passive Voice

= s-iv 

- reciever of the action

- expressed by the prep. " by "

- helping verb. "is/are, be/being, has/have " 

example:

- The prize was awarded by the club.

The English sound system

The vowels

- are sound produced when movements  of the speech organs are not obstructed by the breath system.

Classification of vowels:

1. Front vowels - it is the front part of our tongue  that it most affected and does most of the movement.
2. central word - it is the central part of the tongue that does a lot of movement with the coordination of the lips.
3. Back vowels - are those that are produced  with the back of the tongue doing a lot of movement either raised or pulled back.

[ i ] & [ I ] Sound:

- they are front, unsound vowels.

•  position your tongue in front of your mouth.
•   produced the [ i ] sound while spreading your lips side ward with tensed muscle.

for example:

- even

- people

-recieve

• produced the [ I ] sound with unspread lips & relaxed muscles.

for example:

- thrill

- curtain

- English

[ e ] & [ æ ] Sound:

• [ e ] Sound - it's pronounce -ey-

for example:

- May

- Day

- Face

• [ æ ] Sound - it's pronounce -a-

for example:

- cat

- black

- apple

Understanding Narrative

Narrative Literature:

Narrative Poetry

- epic

- metrical romance
- ballad

- dramatic narrative

- drama

Narrative Prose

- novel

- short story

- newspaper

- report

- allegory

- travels books

- folk legend

- diaries

- biography

-history

Common Characteristics of Narratives:

1. A sense of movement.
2.  A sense of reality and truth.
3.  A careful and significant selection and ordering of details.
4.  a well - defined point of view.

Different kinds of Point of View:

• first person - a character tells his/her own story.
• first person observer - a character tells in the first person ( I ) a story he has observed.
• Author - observer ( third person ) -  the author relates what happens in an object manner.
• omniscient author -  the author tells story with his/her own comments and with freedom to go into the mind of character.
• A combination of four.

Poetry

Poetry

- is the art of expressing one's thoughts in verse.

- it is meant to be read aloud.

- poetry arouses our emotions.

Lines - often organized in stanzas

- 1st line is single

- 2nd line is couplet

- 3rd line is tercet

- 4th line is quatrain

- 5th line is quinrain

- 6th line is setset

- 8th line is octet

Stanzas

- a group of lines.

- usually develops one idea.

- beginning of a new stanzas often signals.

Rhyme and Rhyme Scheme:

• Words rhyme when they have the same sound.
• Poems often use rhyme at the end of the line.
•  Poets add rhyme to add a musical sound to their poems.

Mood

- feeling that a poem creates in a reader.

- can be positive or negative.

Elegy

Elegy is meditation of life and death.

3 kinds of poetry:

- Lyric

- Narrative

- Dramatic

Lyric comes from lyre, a harp-like instument played by ancient Greek poets during recital of shorter poems.

2 kinds of Narrative

• Epic - long poem describing war and heroism
• Ballad - tell short stories about a particular person/event.

Dramatic - the poet lets one or more of the story's character to act out the story.

Elements of poetry:

• Rhythm - means the flow of sound produced by language. 

    *meter - pattern of rhyme in a poem.

• Imagery - refers to the sensations that language creates in the mind.
• form
• sounds

Free verse - is a poem with no rhyme scheme and meter.